Bahasa

Pada dasarnya setiap manusia mempunyai berbagai kebutuhan, salah satunya adalah kebutuhan akan memperoleh informasi. Informasi dapat diperoleh dari berbagai cara. Bisa melalui proses komunikasi Face to face ( tatap muka), maupun komunikasi dari bermedia (memperoleh informasi dari slah satu media) baik itu media cetak maupun elektronik.

Istilah komunikasi atau dalam bahasa inggris communication berasal dari kata latin communicatio , dan sumber dari kata communis yang berarti sama. Sama di sini adalah sama makna ( http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komunikasi )


Proses Komunikasi pada hakikatnya adalah proses penyampaian pikiran atau perasaan oleh seseorang (komunikator) kepada orang lain ( komunikan). Pikiran bisa merupakan gagasan, informasi , opini , dan lain- lain yang muncul dari benaknya. Perasaan bisa berupa keyakinan, kepastian , keragu - raguan , kekhawatiran , kemarahan , keberanian , kegairahan , dan sebagainya yang timbul dari lubuk hati seseorang ( http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komunikasi). Kalau ada dua orang atau lebih melakukan proses komunikasi , misalnya dalam bentuk percakapan , maka komunikasi tersebut akan terjadi atau berlangsung selama ada kesepakatan atau kesamaan makna tentang apa yang akan di komunikasikan.

Jenis-jenis bahasa:
• Bahasa Inggris
• Bahasa Jepang
• Bahasa Indonesia
• Bahasa Simalungun
• Bahasa batak
Seiring dengan kemajuan teknologi khususnya dibidang komunikasi, informasi dapat diperoleh tidak hanya melalui tatap muka (face to face) dan tatap muka yang juga diganti dengan verbal dan nonverbal, tetapi juga melalui media. Sementara itu jika dilihat dari tatanan komunikasi (ditinjau dari jumlah komunikan) maka komunikasi terdiri dari: komunikasi pribadi (personal communication), komunikasi kelompok (group communication) dan komunikasi massa (mass communication) (Effendy, 1993: 53-54)

Handstand

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

 

A handstand is the act of supporting the body in a stable, inverted vertical position by balancing on the hands. In a basic handstand the body is held straight with arms and legs fully extended, with hands spaced approximately shoulder-width apart. There are many variations of handstands, but in all cases a handstand performer must possess adequate balance and upper body strength.

Handstands are performed in many athletic activities, including acro dance, acrobatics, cheerleading and gymnastics. Some variation of handstand is performed on every gymnastic apparatus, and many tumbling skills pass through a handstand position during their execution. Breakdancers incorporate handstands in freezes and kicks. Armstand dives—a category found in competitive platform diving—are dives that begin with a handstand. In games or contests, swimmers perform underwater handstands with their legs and feet extended above the water.
Handstands are known by various other names. In yoga, the handstand is known as Adho Mukha Vrksasana (pronounced AHD-hoh MOOK-hah vrik-SHAH-sah-nah)^[1] translating to Downward-facing Tree Pose, and in capoeira it is named bananeira.

[edit] Posture

There are two basic handstand styles in modern gymnastics: curved-back and straight-back.^[2] Straight-back style is employed when the aesthetics of straight body lines are desired and feasible. In many cases (e.g., when a handstand is being performed in conjunction with a gymastic apparatus), however, the curved-back style is preferred as it offers superior control over balance. In all cases, balance is maintained by shifting body weight towards the fingers or the heel of the hand.
All basic handstands have these characteristics:

• Straight arms with hands placed on the ground approximately shoulder-width apart.
• Straight legs, held together.
• Pointed toes so as to continue the lines of the legs.

In addition, straight-back handstands have these characteristics:

• Tucked head (face pointed forward) as if standing upright.
• Straight spine, with hips pushed forward. If performed while lying flat, this would cause the small of the back to contact ground.

six step moves

The 6-step is foundational to b-boying not only because it is the first footwork sequence breakers often learn, but also because it remains the move around which many sets are structured. Many break moves can begin from the 6-step. The move sets up the direction of rotation and builds momentum while imparting body control. The breaker stays low and in contact with the ground, which places him in perfect position for performing other moves. Each of the six distinct steps puts the body in a different position which can be used as starting points for other moves. Steps 1/2 and 3/4 (described below) are most often used for launching other moves. Conversely, any move which ends on the ground can be transitioned smoothly back into the 6-step.
The body position after step (2) and step (4) are mirror images of each other. Six step often involves looking straight ahead constantly and placing the feet in the same place for each rotation, but can be done with your body facing a different direction for each rotation.
While the basic 6-step resembles walking in a circle on the ground, there are many variations of footwork or "techs" that can reverse the direction of rotation, interlock limbs, incorporate minor flips, twists, kicks, shuffles, tweaks, and much more.

Step-by-step

As the name implies, there are a total of six steps in one rotation of the 6-step. A standard version begins in the push-up position with feet spread apart.

1. The left hand lifts, and the right foot is placed where that hand used to be.
2. As weight shifts onto the right hand and foot, the left leg is moved up into the crook of the right knee.
3. The right leg swings around in front of the right hand and comes down so that the bboy's legs are in a crab position. Meanwhile, he switches hands so that the left hand returns to the ground and the right hand flies up.
4. The left leg now swings around in a wide arc and wraps around the right.
5. The right leg moves back into its original push-up spot.
6. Lastly, the left leg pulls back while the right hand comes down to complete the push-up position. The breaker is now back in the starting position and may continue with step 1.

Hip-hop Dance

Hip-hop dance refers to dance styles primarily danced to hip-hop music or that have evolved as part of hip-hop culture. This includes a wide range of styles notably breaking, locking, and popping which were created in the 1970s by African Americans.^{[note 1]} What separates hip-hop dance from other forms of dance is that it is often freestyle (improvisational) in nature and hip-hop dancers frequently engage in battles—formal or informal freestyle dance competitions. Informal freestyle sessions and battles are usually performed in a cipher, "a circular dance space that forms naturally once the dancing begins."^[6] These three elements—freestyling, battles, and ciphers—are key components of hip-hop dance.
More than 35 years old, hip-hop dance became widely known after the first professional breaking, locking, and popping crews formed in the 1970s. The most influential groups are the Rock Steady Crew, The Lockers, and the Electric Boogaloos who are responsible for the spread of breaking, locking, and popping respectively. Due to the popularity of these street styles, the dance industry responded with a studio based version of hip-hop—sometimes called new style—and jazz funk. These styles were developed by technically trained dancers who wanted to create choreography for hip-hop music from the hip-hop dances they saw being performed on the street. Because of this development, hip-hop dance is now practiced at both studios and outside spaces.
Internationally, hip-hop dance has had a particularly strong influence in France and South Korea. France is the home of Juste Debout, an international hip-hop dance competition, and Battle of the Year, the largest team-based breaking competition in the world. South Korea is home to the international breaking competition R16 which is sponsored by the government and broadcast every year live on Korean television. The country consistently produces such skillful b-boys that in 2008 the South Korean government designated the Gamblerz and Rivers b-boy crews as official ambassadors of Korean culture.^[7]
To some, hip-hop dance may only be a form of entertainment or a hobby. To others it has become a lifestyle: a way to be active in physical fitness or competitive dance and a way to make a living by dancing professionally.